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| |
Condition
|
Pre
|
Post
|
Differencea
|
95% CI of the difference
|
t
|
p
|
|---|
|
Healthy participants
|
No VR
|
87 (9)
|
95 (9)
|
8 (13)
|
[4, 12]
|
3.7
|
.001*
|
|
Semi-immersive VR
|
88 (10)
|
91 (11)
|
3 (13)
|
[8, − 1]
|
1.6
|
.122
|
|
Immersive VR
|
89 (8)
|
91 (14)
|
2 (15)
|
[7, − 3]
|
0.8
|
.432
|
|
Patients
|
No VR
|
75 (17)
|
84 (18)
|
9 (18)
|
[− 1, 19]
|
1.9
|
.082
|
|
Semi-immersive VR
|
74 (17)
|
77 (23)
|
3 (18)
|
[− 7, 13]
|
0.7
|
.524
|
|
Immersive VR
|
79 (21)
|
77 (13)
|
− 2 (19)
|
[− 12, 9]
|
-0.3
|
.747
|
- CI Confidence interval
- aDifference = Heart rate post—Heart rate pre
- *Significant p-values (p < .05) of main effects are marked with asterisks
